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The Historic Lighthouse on the Slopes of Lēʻahi Crater By Lexington Smith As you drive along Diamond Head Road on the south shore of Oʻahu on the southern edge of Waikīkī, the lowering sunset hits your eyes and tints the view with an orange haze. Bikers fly down the road as runners trek up it. To your left, Lēʻahi, an extinct volcanic crater and tuff cone, calmly rests, absorbing the last light of the day. To your right, waves break over a world under the sea. Surfers are rinsing their boards and couples are watching as the sun sets. As your eyes navigate through the trees, a white figure stands. The sun beams through its glass panels and its red roof brightens. There stands a lighthouse established as Diamond Head Light which was first lit July 1, in 1899. The present square concrete tower was built in 1917. In 1825, British sailors approached the cliffs of Lēʻahi. Light sparkled from the slopes and the sailors, spotting the clear calcite crystals, believed they had discovered diamonds and named the crater Diamond Head. As more travelers began to come to Oʻahu, Diamond Head became an integral point to report incoming vessels. On the night of October 2, 1893, the SS Miowera hit the shallow reef just off the shore. The captain had mistook the position of Diamond Head Crater. Similarly in 1897, the steamship China also ran aground. According to the Hawaiian Historical Society, this was the catalyst prompting the building of the original structure to guide incoming vessels and prevent their harm. The first version of the lighthouse was a 40-foot iron tower that emitted light 160 feet above the water. The great light [...]

Submitted by the North Shore Chamber of Commerce’s Historic Preservation Committee; working to preserve and perpetuate the legacy of historic Hale`iwa. Reprinted with permission. The North Shore Chamber of Commerce, as part of its mission of historic preservation of significant sites in Hale‘iwa, recently installed a bronze plaque commemorating the Matsumoto Store building. Similar to seventeen other plaques that can now be found throughout Hale‘iwa, the plaque language depicts the architectural and entrepreneurial his­tory of the building. The iconic Matsumoto Store in Hale‘iwa on O‘ahu’s North Shore, has been making history since 1951. For all but a few early years as a grocery store, its popularity grew as a result of a single sweet commodity…shave ice. Seventy-two years and forty flavors later, the name Matsumoto has become synonymous with shave ice and recognized far beyond the town of Hale‘iwa. What makes the Matsumoto store one of the more unique buildings of old Hale‘iwa is that it is actually a tale of two families. It began with the arrival of Sego and Tayo Tanaka from Shikoku Is­land’s Ehime Prefecture in Japan at the turn of the century. The couple owned and operated a tailor shop and dry goods store in the wood frame build­ing constructed around 1904. When the Tanakas decided to return to Japan in the early 1920s, their son Kazuaki remained. He later married and he and his wife Shizuko continued to operate the dry goods store which became the K. Tanaka Store. By late 1940, Kazuaki Tanaka had established himself as a successful Waialua businessman. He served as the head of the Waialua Japanese Society and was part of a group of prominent community leaders that invested in a modern multi-story [...]

Anne Marie Kirk Reflects on Maunalua.net & the Nā ʻAnae Holo Murals If you've headed east on Kalanianaʻole Highway in Eastern O‘ahu in the recent past, you may recall being greeted by schools of swimming mullet, nā ʻanae holo in Hawaiian, on brightly painted murals along the roadside. You may have even passed through as community members were painting them. The project is part of Maunalua.net and the muse behind its origin is Anne Marie Kirk, a multifaceted creatrix, community member and educator in Maunalua.  Learn more about this unique project and significant place in our interview with Kirk below. Interview with Anne Marie Kirk Anne Marie Kirk Historic Hawai‘i Foundation:  Please introduce yourself in a way that feels appropriate. Ann Marie Kirk: My name is Ann Marie Nālani Kirk. I live in the ahupua‘a of Maunalua* in East O‘ahu. HHF: What is your professional work and what are some of your interests and hobbies? AMK:  I am a Director/Producer in Digital Media, and most of my work focuses on Hawai‘i and Hawaiian Culture. You can check out bluecratermedia.com to see some of my pieces. In Maunalua, the community groups I work with dedicate themselves to protecting and preserving cultural and natural resources. These groups are Livable Hawaii Kai Hui, Maunalua Fishpond Heritage Center, the Kaiwi Coalition, and the Wailupe ‘Ohana Council.  I also serve as the Educational Kia‘i for Pahua Heiau in Maunalua. When I am away from my work or community work, you'll find me in the ocean waters of Maunalua. One of my favorite things to do in Maunalua Bay is Stand-up Paddling with my family and friends. HHF: Where is Maunalua* and what makes it special? AMK:  Maunalua [...]

The sounds of taiko drumming, Baika chanting, and ukulele come from the newly painted Daifukuji Soto Mission in Kealakekua on Hawai‘i Island. Daifukuji means “The Temple of Great Happiness.” Besides being a center for Buddhist study and practice, this landmark site provides a place of peace and wholesome activities for local community. Thanks to an historic preservation grant from the Freeman Foundation, in cooperation with Historic Hawai‘i Foundation, this community mainstay has been refreshed. Established in 1914, Daifukuji is the oldest Soto Zen Buddhist Temple on the Kona side (and one of the oldest Soto Zen temples in the state). The Temple is listed as a Kona Heritage Building and is on the National Register of Historic Places. It is exemplar of community efforts for its construction, maintenance and preservation. In 1914, the Reverend Kaiseki Kodama walked around the entire island twice in order to collect the donations needed to build a temple. The first contributions (financial, materials, and labor) were offered by merchants, tofu makers, coffee farmers - friends or business owners living near the temple. This communal care is still evident. Due to over twenty years of volcanic nature, weather, ocean salt and hot sun, it is time to work to preserve. One hundred-year-old buildings that are used by the community on a regular basis always need loving care and preventative care – just like people.  ~Community member Teri Hollowell Daifukuji Soto Mission’s rich history is reflected in its interesting architecture, art, and furnishings. The two rounded koa wood pillars at the front of the main altar were brought down from the mountain on sleds by a church member who was an immigrant from Hiroshima. His son and grandson made the [...]

A new display in Hanapēpē Community Park memorializes the history of the former Hanapēpē River Bridge on Kaumuali‘i Highway on Kaua‘i. The Federal Highway Administration and the Hawai‘i Department of Transportation moved forward with a bridge replacement project starting in 2016 after finding that the original timber piles had deteriorated due to marine borer infestation and decay. The reduced structural integrity compromised the bridge’s safety and the location of the piles made a targeted repair unfeasible, leading to the decision for a full replacement. Historic Hawai‘i Foundation participated in the review of the project’s effects on the historic bridge and signed a Memorandum of Agreement as a concurring party to the resolution of effects. Hanapēpē River Bridge was built in 1938 as part of the Kaua‘i Belt Road system as part of the work of master engineer William R. Bartels, who was Chief Highway Bridge Engineer for the Hawai‘i Territorial Highway Department. The railing and end monuments were designed to reflect the unique heritage of Hanapēpē. HDOT had previously declared the bridge to be of “high preservation value” and eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The MOA included a stipulation that FHWA and HDOT would salvage a portion of the original bridge to be incorporated into a historic display, along with signage about the history of the bridge and flood control measures, the development of Hanapēpē town, and the overall history of the community and surrounding area. After consultation with community members, the agencies decided that the community park would be the most accessible location for the displays. The display includes three interpretive signs as well as a portion of the concrete railing and end monuments. Images, top [...]

By Linsey Dower, June 19, 2023 - Honolulu Star-Advertiser (Reprinted with permission.) A small group of volunteers in Kohala is working to raise funds to restore the town's nearly century-old Bond Memorial Library. The group is called the Bond Library Restoration Project, and they have been restoring the building across from the King Kamehameha statue in Kapaau to transform it into what will eventually become the Kohala Heritage Center. "It's really a very historical little corner," said Christine Richardson, one of the leading volunteers of the Bond Library Restoration Project. "It served as a library from 1928 until 2010, and it has rich and deep community memory." Sharon Hayden and Richardson, who are spearheading the project, initiated the restoration about a year after the library closed. They understood the historical significance of the building and sought to turn it into a heritage center rather than see it deteriorate. "We want to tell the history of Kohala," Hayden said. "There's also never been a repository for any of the items that the older folks have." Two nonprofits, the North Kohala Community Resource Center and Friends of the Future, have served as the project's fiscal sponsors, helping to process the grants and donations the project has received, Richardson said. The restored structure will house resources for the community to learn more about Kohala as a historic town and the birthplace of Kamehameha the Great. Funding aside, Richardson said that one of the biggest challenges throughout the process so far was transferring the title of the property from the state to the Bond family, who were the original property owners before the library's construction . The transfer took about 11 years and $45,000 in legal fees, which [...]

Crumbling Walls Highlight Technical Challenges THE SITE In 1851, “an Act relating to prisons, their government and discipline” was approved by King Kamehameha III and authorized a new jail in Lahaina, Maui. The jail was to “keep entirely separate from each other the male and female prisoners, and to have a yard enclosed by fences of sufficient height and strength to prevent escapes…” What is now known as the Old Lahaina Prison was constructed in 1852 with jail cell buildings, a wooden gatehouse and a warden’s home. The perimeter wall was constructed in 1854 out of coral blocks reused from the old fort. Now an outdoor museum, the Old Lahaina Prison is a contributing site in the Lahaina National Historic Landmark. It highlights the laws of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i in the 19th century and shares stories of both sailors from whaling ships and Native Hawaiians who were held at this location. The jail was to “keep entirely separate from each other the male and female prisoners, and to have a yard enclosed by fences of sufficient height and strength to prevent escapes…” THE COLLAPSE AND REPAIR ANALYSIS In Summer 2022, a 40-foot section of the perimeter wall collapsed into the yard and was the subject of an emergency repair. In analyzing the collapse, the historic architects at MASON said, “We suspect that the two faces of the coral stone are separating due to insufficient tie stones (aka through stones or deadmen). This may have caused the walls to move out of plane and the mortar cap to split; water intrusion at the top of the wall has only exacerbated the problem. We suggest rebuilding the upper portions of the wall [...]